TECHNIQUES FOR IDENTIFYING GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION BY DOMESTIC SEWAGE AND POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS IN AN AMAZONIAN CITY

Abstract

Uncontrolled population growth has caused public health risks through the contamination of aquifers by toxic substances and waterborne diseases. Given this context, detecting groundwater pollution is challenging due to its confined location. In this sense, this study brings together, through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), the techniques for identifying groundwater contamination by domestic sewage most addressed in the world scientific bibliography, aiming at a possible application of remediation and/or prevention in cases in the city of Itaituba, southwestern Pará. The SLR was performed using the StArt software, considering the Scopus and Web of Science databases, covering the period from 2000 to 2023. Of the identified 256 articles, 9 were selected. In these, it was noted that the techniques usually adopted included water sampling, laboratory analysis by spectroscopy for detection of chemical substances, filtration and production of culture media for the detection of fecal coliforms. Based on this, it is recommended that water sampling and laboratory analysis to be carried out in Itaituba as a possible method of application and control. In general terms, it is believed that this research can support the formulation of policies and practices that aim to mitigate the impacts of contamination by domestic sewage.